A self-driving car is an autonomous vehicle capable of navigating without human intervention. It uses a combination of sensors, cameras, radar, and artificial intelligence to perceive its environment. Advanced machine learning algorithms process data to identify obstacles, traffic signals, and road markings. Self-driving cars operate on levels of automation, ranging from driver assistance to full autonomy (Level 5). Lidar technology creates 3D maps for precise navigation and obstacle detection. The vehicles rely on GPS and high-definition maps for accurate location tracking. Safety features include automatic braking, adaptive cruise control, and lane-keeping systems. Companies like Tesla, Waymo, and Uber are leading the development of self-driving technology. Challenges include legal regulations, ethical concerns, and adapting to unpredictable human drivers. Self-driving cars promise to reduce accidents, improve traffic flow, and increase mobility for disabled individuals.